Celebrating Vernacular Architecture in Chilliwack

Understanding Vernacular Architecture

Vernacular architecture is about function and place. It encompasses buildings created using local materials, shaped by British Columbia's unique landscapes, climate, and culture. These structures are not designed by famous architects; instead, they evolve naturally. They respond to the needs of the people who inhabit them and the environment they are built in.

In British Columbia, this means homes are constructed to withstand rain, rugged coastlines, dense forests, and mountainous terrain. You may be surprised to learn that many buildings listed on Chilliwack's Heritage Interest Inventory are identified as vernacular in style.

Indigenous Contributions to Vernacular Architecture

Long before European settlers arrived, Indigenous communities in British Columbia developed ingenious structures that reflected their deep connection to the land.

• Coastal Longhouses: On the West Coast, Indigenous peoples such as the Coast Salish and Haida built longhouses using cedar planks. These large, communal structures were sturdy, weather-resistant, and designed to last. They showcase the versatility of BC’s abundant forests.

  
  
  
  

• Pit Houses: In the Interior, the Secwépemc and other nations constructed pit houses (or kekulis). These partially underground shelters provided insulation during harsh winters and cool relief in summer.

  
  

European Settlers and Their Adaptations

As European settlers arrived in the 19th century, they brought their own building traditions. However, they quickly adapted to BC’s rugged landscapes and climate.

• Log Cabins: In heavily forested areas, settlers built log cabins using the timber around them. These simple, durable homes could withstand BC’s rainy conditions and were quick to assemble.

  
  
  
  

• West Coast Farmhouses: In rural communities, farmhouses often featured steep roofs to shed rain and wide porches for shelter. The use of local wood became a hallmark of these practical, no-fuss homes.

  
  

These designs were not just practical; they were sustainable. They utilized local resources with minimal impact on the environment.

The Evolution of Vernacular Architecture in the 20th Century

Fast forward to the 20th century, and BC’s urban areas saw their own version of vernacular architecture: the Vancouver Special. Popular from the 1960s to the 1980s, these boxy, two-story homes were designed to maximize space on narrow city lots. Built quickly and affordably, Vancouver Specials reflect the needs of a booming population and the practical mindset of the time.

While not universally loved, these homes have become a quirky, nostalgic symbol of Vancouver’s urban history. Today, many have been renovated to suit modern tastes while retaining their original character.

Click HERE to watch a video on the Vancouver Special.

The Importance of Preserving Vernacular Architecture

Vernacular architecture is all about working with what you have. It creates homes that make sense for where you live. It is practical, sustainable, and often full of character.

Next time you see a historic longhouse or a retro Vancouver Special, take a moment to appreciate its story. It is not just a building; it is a reflection of BC’s people, environment, and timeless wisdom for living well in the place they call home.

Conclusion: A Call to Action

As residents of Chilliwack, it is essential to recognize the value of our local history and architectural heritage. By understanding and appreciating vernacular architecture, we can actively participate in its preservation.

Engaging with our community to celebrate these unique structures ensures that the stories and places that define Chilliwack remain alive for future generations. Let us work together to honor our past while shaping a sustainable future.